Rare Species Regulation Mechanism of Natural Recovery and the Implications on Ecological Restoration in Tropical and Subtropical Forests
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摘要: 稀有物种是热带亚热带森林生态系统中物种共存与维持生物多样性的重要类群，但对稀有物种在维持森林物种多样性的调控机制及其在生态修复中的作用研究较少。本研究在梳理和分析相关研究的基础上，结合海南尖峰岭国家级森林生态站的长期监测研究成果，提出了热带亚热带森林自然恢复的“稀有物种调控机制”基本理论框架，探讨其在我国热带亚热带森林生态修复中的应用原则。Abstract: Rare species is an important group that ensuring species co-existence and biodiversity maintenance in tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems. However, the roles of rare species in regulating biodiversity maintenance and their applications on ecological restoration have been rarely addressed. Based on a thorough literature review in combination with long-term monitoring and observation in Jianfengling National Key Field Research Station, it was proposed that a framework of “rare species regulation mechanism” of natural recovery in tropical and subtropical forests. Moreover, it was also discussed that the application principles of the proposed mechanism on ecological restoration of tropical and subtropical forests in China.
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图 1 不同采伐干扰方式和恢复时间的物种多度分布曲线
Figure 1. Species abundance distribution curves among forests with different disturbance types and recovery times
注：本图是基于先前研究（Xu et al., 2015a）重新绘制。This figure was revised from Xu et al., 2015a.
图 2 物种间分布范围的关联矩阵 （a）森林群落中稀有物种和常见物种在生境利用上分离 ；（b）稀有物种在土壤有效磷高分布区域呈现的3个分布热点
Figure 2. Correlation matrix among species distributions along range sizes (a) Rare species and common species utilized different habitats; (b) Rare species showed three distribution hotspots along the soil with available phosphorus gradients
注：本图是基于先前研究（Xu et al., 2015b）重新绘制。This figure is revised from Xu et al., 2015b.
图 3 森林中稀有物种豆科树木的密度效应
Figure 3. The neighbor effects of seven leguminous species
注：本图是基于先前研究（Xu et al., 2019）重新绘制。This figure is revised from Xu et al., 2019.
图 4 AOA驱动的硝化作用和反硝化菌介导的硝态氮还原作用 （a）AOA和反硝化菌是影响森林土壤氮有效性的关键微生物类群；（b）土壤、植被、地形和空间因子对热带亚热带天然次生林土壤AOA群落结构变异的解释力度及差异
amoA, 氨单加氧酶的α亚基; hao, 羟胺氧化还原酶; narG, napA, 硝酸还原酶亚基; nrfA, nirK, nirS, 亚硝酸还原酶亚基; nor, 一氧化氮还原酶; nosZ, 氧化亚氮还原酶亚基; nifH, 固氮酶亚基; hzsB, 肼合成酶亚基。amoA, α-subunit of ammonia monooxygenase; hao, hydroxyamine oxidoreductase; narG, napA, subunits of nitrate reductase; nrfA, nirK, nirS, subunits of nitrite reductase; nor, nitric oxide reductase; nosZ, subunit of nitrous oxide reductase; nifH, subunit of nitrogenase; hzsB,subunit of hydrazine synthas.
Figure 4. The nitrification processes driving by AOA and denitrification processes driving by denitrifiers (a) AOA and denitrifiers are key microorganisms in affecting forest soil N availability; (b) The amount of AOA community structure variations in tropical and subtropical natural secondary forests were affected by soil, vegetation, topographical and spatial variables
注：本图是基于先前研究（Chen et al., 2015； 陈洁等，2020）重新绘制。This figure is revised from authors' published papers (Chen et al., 2015; 陈洁等，2020).
图 5 低磷和高磷土壤中微生物的生物量碳、氮、磷周转速率（a-f） ，以及土壤微生物的生物量磷循环“维持模式、生长/死亡模式”与植物生长的关系（g）
Figure 5. Turnover rates of soil microbial biomass C, N and P (a-f), and relationships of plant growth with microbial biomass P turnover in “Maintenance” and “Growth/Death” mode, respectively (g)
注：本图是基于先前研究（Chen et al., 2019c）重新绘制。This figure is revised from Chen et al., 2019c.
图 6 热带森林不同干扰强度和恢复阶段的土壤真菌网络结构及其参数 （a）原始林；（b）择伐后自然恢复形成的次生林； （c）皆伐后自然恢复形成的次生林
Figure 6. Soil fungal network structure and related perimeters in tropical forests (a) Primary forest; (b) naturally regenerated secondary forest after selective logging; (c) naturally regenerated secondary forest after clear cutting
注：本图是基于先前研究（Chen et al., 2019d）重新绘制。This figure is revised from Chen et al., 2019d.
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