新疆资源植物多样性的组成特点及分布特征

佟瑶; 曹喆; 李梦琳; 徐舒逸; 黄继红; 丁易; 臧润国

doi:10.12356/j.2096-8884.2023-0071

新疆资源植物多样性的组成特点及分布特征

doi: 10.12356/j.2096-8884.2023-0071

佟瑶^1,,
曹喆¹,
李梦琳¹,
徐舒逸¹,
黄继红^{1, 2, ,},
丁易^{1, 2},
臧润国^{1, 2}

1.
中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所，生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室，北京 100091
2.
南京林业大学南方林业创新中心，南京 210037

基金项目: 科技基础资源调查专项（2019FY101604-2）；国家自然基金项目（32071648）

详细信息

作者简介:
佟瑶：E-mail：waseteyr@foxmail.com

通讯作者:
E-mail：northalluvion@caf.ac.cn

中图分类号: X176
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- 文章访问数: 436
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-12-12
- 录用日期: 2024-02-19
- 网络出版日期: 2024-04-11
- 刊出日期: 2024-02-29

The Diversity Composition and Distribution Characteristics of Resource Plants in Xinjiang

Yao Tong^1
,,
Zhe Cao¹,
Menglin Li¹,
Shuyi Xu¹,
Jihong Huang^{1, 2
, ,},
Yi Ding^{1, 2},
Runguo Zang^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
2.
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China

摘要

摘要: 目的确定新疆资源植物的物种组成和空间分布，对其开展有效保护至关重要。方法本研究基于大量文献资料的查阅、收集和整理，以自然分布于新疆的维管植物为研究对象，对新疆资源植物的种类、分布和生境等信息进行收集、整理和归纳，并分析了新疆资源植物的基本组成、地理和生境分布特征。结果 1）自然分布于新疆的资源植物共计1003种，隶属于104科460属。在蕨类植物、裸子植物和被子植物3个类群中，被子植物相对丰富，占据了总物种的96.31%。按利用类型可分为食用植物、药用植物、工业植物和环保植物4类，数量占比最多的是药用植物，为77.77%。生活型包括草本、灌木和乔木3类，其中草本植物占据了主体，占比高达82.35%。2）在市域上的水平地理分布不均匀，主要集中分布在北疆的几个大地级市中，阿勒泰地区物种组成最丰富，包含了70.09%的物种。3）在海拔上的垂直地理分布范围很广，主要集中分布于1000～2100 m 的中海拔范围内，呈随海拔升高而先增加后降低的单峰分布模式。4）在生境上的分布不均匀，草原、森林是包含物种数最多的2类（自然）植被，占比分别为32.70% 和31.80%。结论新疆资源植物组成丰富，草本植物是主体，其中药用植物数量最多。新疆资源植物空间分布不均匀，主要集中分布于北疆山区中海拔地段，以草原和森林生境为主。本研究可为新疆资源植物多样性保护提供科学参考依据。
- 资源植物 /
- 物种组成 /
- 地理分布格局 /
- 生物多样性保护 /
- 新疆
Abstract: Objective Identifying the species composition and spatial distribution of Xinjiang’s resource plants is crucial for their effective conservation. Method Based on an extensive review, collection, and organization of literature, focuses on the vascular plants naturally distributed in Xinjiang, we gathered, organized and summarized information on the types, distribution, and habitats of Xinjiang’s resource plants and analyzed the basic composition, geographical and habitat distribution characteristics of Xinjiang’s resource plants. Result 1) There are a total of 1003 species of resource plants naturally distributed in Xinjiang, belonging to 104 families and 460 genera. Among the three groups of ferns, gymnospermae and angiosperm, angiosperm plant species are relatively abundant, accounting for 96.31% of the total species. Based on the type of use, these resource pants can be categorized into edible, medicinal, industrial, and protective plants, with medicinal plants making up the majority at 77.77%. The life forms include herbs, shrubs and trees, with herbs being the predominant form accounting for 82.35%. 2) The horizontal geographical distribution across cities is uneven, mainly concentrated in several prefecture-level cities in northern Xinjiang, with the Altay region having the richest species composition, containing 70.09% of the species. 3) The vertical geographical distribution across altitudes is broad, mainly concentrated in the mid-altitude range of 1000~2100 m, showing a unimodal distribution pattern that first increases and then decreases with rising altitude. 4) The distribution across habitats is uneven. Grassland and forest, are types of (natural) vegetation containing the most species, accounting for 32.70% and 31.80% of the total species, respectively. Conclusion Xinjiang's resource plants have a rich composition, with herbs being the main body and medicinal plants being the most numerous. The spatial distribution of Xinjiang’s resource plants is uneven, mainly concentrated in the mid-altitude regions of the mountains in northern Xinjiang, primarily in grassland and forest habitats. This study provides a reference for the conservation of resource plants diversity in Xinjiang region.
- resource plants /
- species composition /
- geographical distribution pattern /
- biodiversity conservation /
- Xinjiang

HTML全文

图 1 新疆不同资源植物在不同地区的分布

注：各地区缩写对应如下：AT-阿勒泰地区、YL-伊犁哈萨克自治州、TC-塔城地区、CJ-昌吉回族自治州、WL-乌鲁木齐市、BY-巴音郭楞蒙古自治州、BE-博尔塔拉蒙古自治州、HM-哈密市、KS-喀什地区、AK-阿克苏地区、KZ-克孜勒苏柯尔克孜自治州、TL-吐鲁番市、HT-和田地区、KL-克拉玛依市。 The abbreviations corresponding to each region are as follows: AT-Altay region, YL-Ili Kazak Autonomous Prefecture, TC-Tacheng region, CJ-Changji Hui Autonomous Prefecture, WL-Urumqi City, BY-Bayangoleng Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, BE-Boertala Mongolian Autonomous Prefecture, HM-Hami City, KS-Kashi Prefecture, AK-Aksu Prefecture, KZ-Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, TL-Turpan City, HT-Hetian Prefecture, KL-Karamay City.

Figure 1. Geographic distribution of the different resource plants at region level in Xinjiang

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 新疆资源植物沿海拔梯度的分布格局

注：图例同图1，即红色代表食用植物、蓝色代表药用植物、黄色代表工业植物，绿色代表环保植物。The illustration is the same as Figure 1, red represents edible plants, blue represents medicinal plants, yellow represents industrial plants, and green represents protective plants.

Figure 2. Distribution pattern of the resource plants along altitude gradient in Xinjiang

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 新疆不同资源植物沿海拔梯度的分布格局

Figure 3. Distribution pattern of the different resource plants along altitude gradient in Xinjiang

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 新疆不同资源植物在不同生境中的物种数量分布

Figure 4. Distribution pattern of the different resource plants in different habitats in Xinjiang

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 新疆不同资源植物在不同生境中沿海拔梯度的分布格局

Figure 5. Distribution pattern of the different resource plants in different habitats along altitude gradient in Xinjiang

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 新疆资源植物科、属、种数量统计

Table 1. Statistics of families, genus and species of the resources plants in Xinjiang

类型 Type		科 Family		属 Genus		种 Species
类型 Type		数量 Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量 Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量 Number	占比 Proportion/%
类群 Group	蕨类植物 Ferns	12	11.54	15	3.26	22	2.19
	裸子植物 Gymnospermae	3	2.88	6	1.30	15	1.50
	被子植物（双子叶） Angiosperm (Dicots)	70	67.31	372	80.87	833	83.05
	被子植物（单子叶） Angiosperm (Monocots)	19	18.27	67	14.57	133	13.26

生活型 Life form	乔木 Tree	8	6.56	16	3.37	30	2.99
	灌木 Shrub	27	22.13	63	13.26	147	14.66
	草本 Herb	87	71.31	396	83.37	826	82.35

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 新疆不同类型资源植物科、属、种数量统计

Table 2. Statistics of families, genus and species of the different resource plants in Xinjiang

利用类型 Use type	科 Family		属 Genus		种 Species
利用类型 Use type	数量 Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量 Number	占比 Proportion/%	数量 Number	占比 Proportion/%
食用植物 Edible plants	87	83.65	349	75.87	695	69.29
药用植物 Medicinal plants	97	93.27	407	88.48	780	77.77
工业植物 Industrial plants	76	73.08	276	60.00	491	48.95
环保植物 Protective plants	69	66.35	157	34.13	264	26.32

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 新疆不同类型资源植物生活型统计

Table 3. Statistics of life forms of the different resource plants in Xinjiang

利用类型 Use type	生活型 Life form
	草本 Herb				灌木（占比%） Shrub (Proportion %)	乔木（占比%） Tree (Proportion %)
	一年生 Annuals	二年生 Biennials	多年生 Perennials	总计（占比%） Total (Proportion %)	灌木（占比%） Shrub (Proportion %)	乔木（占比%） Tree (Proportion %)
食用植物 Edible plants	123	37	406	543 (76.59)	130 (18.34)	36（5.08）
药用植物 Medicinal plant	153	57	495	666 (84.95)	90 (11.48)	28（3.57）
工业植物 Industrial plants	85	36	261	365 (72.28)	101 (20.00)	39（7.72）
环保植物 Protective plants	23	8	130	158 (58.30)	79 (29.15)	34（12.55）

下载: 导出CSV

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