The Status and Trends of Using Natural Enemies in the Biological Control of Forest Insect Pests
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摘要: 天敌昆虫用于害虫防治的理论提出有100多年，然而天敌昆虫的实际应用比理论研究更早，距今已有1000多年的历史。目前，天敌昆虫的应用研究已取得长足进步，尽管仍有局限存在，但随着第四次工业革命的到来以及公众对环境和自身安全的重视，未来天敌昆虫在林业害虫防治中的应用将得到进一步发展。本文对林业上应用天敌昆虫的成熟策略进行了总结，分析了天敌昆虫的人工繁育和应用技术现状，指出了当前天敌昆虫在林业害虫防治应用中存在的主要问题，如繁殖效率低且成本高、贮存期短、效果评价方法欠科学、以及引进天敌审批困难等。在此基础上，展望了未来天敌昆虫应用的发展趋势，讨论了未来天敌昆虫在林间应用的主要原则和策略、大规模繁育的机械化、质量控制的标准化、与其他新兴技术结合的多种可能方向等问题，以期进一步促进天敌昆虫在林业上的应用和发展。Abstract: The theoretical concept for using natural enemies in pest control has been proposed for over a century. However, in comparison to theoretical researches, the practical application of natural enemies has a history spanning over 1000 years. Currently, the applied research on natural enemies has made significant progress. Despite certain limitations, the future application of natural enemies in forest pest control is expected to undergo further development, especially with the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and growing public concerns for the environment and personal safety. Here the mature strategies for the application of natural enemies in forestry were first provided, along with summarizes of the current state of artificial rearing and application technologies for natural enemies. Addressing the present development status of natural enemies in forest pest control, the key issues in rearing and application, such as poor reproductive efficiency, high costs, short storage periods, unscientific evaluation methods, and challenges in the approval of introducing and releasing natural enemies were highlighted. Building on this foundation, the trends in the application of natural enemies were proposed. The main principles and strategies for future application of natural enemies in forestry, the mechanized large-scale rearing, standardized quality control, and potential integration with other emerging technologies were also outlined. This review can provide guidance for the application and development of natural enemies in forestry.
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Key words:
- biological control /
- natural enemy /
- artificial rearing /
- control technology /
- prospects
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表 1 寄生性天敌昆虫引进的经典案例
Table 1. Classical cases for introducing parasitic natural enemies
天敌昆虫
Natural enemies靶标害虫
Target pests天敌原产地
Native ranges of natural enemies天敌引进地
Introduced ranges of
natural enemies参考文献
References大蛾卵跳小蜂（Ooencyrtus kuwanae） 、舞毒蛾卵平腹小蜂（Anastatus disparis） 舞毒蛾（Lymantria dispar） 欧洲 美国 Legner, 2023 椰心叶甲啮小蜂（Tetrastichus brontispae） 椰心叶甲（Brontispa longissima） 印度尼西亚 中国、巴布亚新几内亚、美国等 He et al., 2014 椰甲截脉姬小蜂（Asecodes hispinarum） 椰心叶甲（Brontispa longissima） 印度尼西亚、巴布亚新几内亚 中国、萨摩亚、越南等 He et al., 2014 白蜡吉丁卵跳小蜂（Oobius agrili） 、
白蜡吉丁啮小蜂（Tetrastichus planipennisi） 、白蜡吉丁柄腹茧蜂（Spathius agrili）白蜡窄吉丁（Agrilus planipennis） 中国 美国、加拿大 Duan et al., 2023 卡列娜柄腹茧蜂（Spathius galinae） 白蜡窄吉丁（Agrilus planipennis） 俄罗斯 美国、加拿大 Duan et al., 2023 瘿小蜂（Cleruchoides noackae） 榈蝽（Thaumastocoris peregrinus） 巴西 乌拉圭 Martínez et al., 2018 黑色枝跗瘿蜂（Ibalia leucospoides） 、
巨型姬蜂（Megarhyssa nortoni） 、
黑背皱背姬蜂（Rhyssa persuasoira）松树蜂（Sirex noctilio） 新西兰 澳大利亚 Kenis et al., 2019 灰白塞寄蝇（Cyzenis albicans） 、
姬蜂（Agrypon flaveolatum）冬尺蛾（Operophtera brumata） 欧洲 加拿大、美国 Kenis et al., 2019 孟氏胯姬小蜂（Quadrastichus mendeli） 、大痣小蜂（Megastigmus zvimendeli） 、
克氏瑟姬小蜂（Selitrichodes kryceri）桉树枝瘿姬小蜂（Leptocybe invasa） 澳大利亚 以色列 Kenis et al., 2019 姬蜂（Lathrolestes thomsoni） 桦潜叶蜂（Profenusa thomsoni） 欧洲 美国、加拿大 Kenis et al., 2019 瘿小蜂（Anaphes nitens） 桉树象甲（Gonipterus platensis） 澳大利亚 葡萄牙 Valente et al., 2019 
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