Advance in Studies on Forest Gap in Recent 30 Years: Based on Bibliometrics
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摘要:
目的 通过文献计量方法，分析国内外林窗研究现状、趋势及热点，从而促进国内学者和公众对林窗研究前沿的认识。 方法 采用Bibexcel软件及Pajek软件、VOSviever可视化软件，以Web of Science核心集合（WoS）和中国科学引文数据库（CSCD）为数据来源，检索1990—2019年国内外林窗研究的相关文献。 结果 1990—2019年间WoS和CSCD数据库中分别收录了该领域文献1026篇和717篇，30年间发文量呈现波浪式增长趋势，且在2005年后国内林窗研究步入稳定发展期；林窗研究主要涉及到的学科有林学、生态学、环境科学等，《Forest Ecology and Management》 和《生态学报》是该领域外文和中文的主要刊载期刊；美国、中国、加拿大、日本、德国等国家是林窗研究领域的主要力量；全球林窗研究发文量，中国排名第2，仅次美国。从关键词和主题词分析，研究热点集中于森林演替、林冠特征、林窗模型等领域。 结论 未来林窗研究在林窗尺度更新、林窗效应特征、林窗模型模拟等方向具有可拓展性，特别是基于应对全球变化的林窗更新过程及生物多样性保育、林窗影响碳动态机制将是未来的研究热点和难点问题。 Abstract:Objective The trends and hot spots of forest gap research worldwide are objectively analyzed, using bibliometric statistics and visualization method, which was conducted to promote the scholars and the public's understanding of the tendency of forest gap research. Method The development of forest gap research in 1990—2019 at home and abroad was analyzed by using Web of Science core collection (WoS) and Chinese Science Citation Database (CSCD) as data sources based on Bibexcel software and other visualization softwares. Result The WoS and CSCD databases have been collected 1026 papers and 717 papers in this field, respectively from 1990 to 2019. The volume of papers published has shown a fluctuating upward tendency in recent 3 decades. The forest gap research has entered a stable development period in China since 2005. The primary topics contained forest science, ecology, environmental science, etc., Forest Ecology and Management and Acta Ecologica Sinica respectively take up the main journal in foreign and Chinese in this field. There were multiple literature source regions and countries such as The United States (the first place), China (the second place), Canada, Japan, Germany and other countries. Based on the analysis of key words and subject words, the research focuses on forest succession, gap characteristics, forest gap model and so on. Conclusion In the future, gap studies can be extended in the aspects of gap scale updating, gap effect characteristics and gap model simulation. It would be the hot topic that forest gap renewal process, which is of great significance for biodiversity conservation and the carbon dynamics mechanism related to forest gap based on global changes. -
Key words:
- forest gap /
- forest ecosystem /
- bibliometric analysis /
- Bibexcel /
- visualization
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图 1 1990—2019年国内外林窗发文量
Figure 1. Number of papers published on forest gap during 1990—2019
图 2 1990—2019年WoS高产出作者合作共现图
Figure 2. Knowledge map of the top coauthors in the research on forest gap during 1990—2019 in WoS
图 3 1990—2019年CSCD高产出的作者共现图
Figure 3. Knowledge map of the top coauthors in the research on forest gap during1990—2019 in CSCD
图 4 1990—2019年CSCD高载文量期刊及贡献率
Figure 4. the top 10 journals and rate of contribution during 1990—2019 in CSCD
图 5 1990—2019年CSCD高频次主题词共现图谱
Figure 5. Knowledge map of the top subject in the research on forest gap during1990—2019 in CSCD
图 6 1990—2019年WoS高频次的国家合作图
Figure 6. Knowledge map of cooperative institutions in the research on forest gap during 1990—2019 in WoS
图 7 1990—2019年国际林窗研究的关键词系统聚类分析树状图
Figure 7. International high frequency key word system clustering analysis during1990—2019
表 1 CSCD数据库中高被引频次文献
Table 1. List of the top cited articles in CSCD
文献标题
Title of literatures第一作者
First author出版物名称
Source出版年
Year被引频次
Citation frequency宝华山主要植被类型土壤种子库初探 安树青 植物生态学报 1996 93 干扰对植物群落物种组成及多样性的影响 毛志宏 生态学报 2006 76 林隙（GAP）干扰研究进展 臧润国 林业科学 1998 76 濒危植物元宝山冷杉种群结构与分布格局 李先琨 生态学报 2002 71 植物天然更新过程中种子和幼苗死亡的影响因素 彭闪江 广西植物 2004 64 林隙（gap）更新动态研究进展 臧润国 生态学杂志 1998 59 不同光环境对麻栎和刺槐幼苗生长和光合特征的影响 徐飞 生态学报 2010 53 濒危植物太白红杉种群年龄结构及其时间序列预测分析 张文辉 生物多样性 2004 51 紫金山次生林林窗植被和环境的研究 安树青 应用生态学报 1997 51 祁连山青海云杉林斑表层土壤有机碳特征及其影响因素 何志斌 生态学报 2006 50 
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表 2 WoS数据库中高被引频次文献
Table 2. List of the top cited articles in WoS
文献标题
Title of literatures第一作者
First author出版物名称
Source出版年
Year被引频次
Citation frequencyLeaf area index of boreal forests theory, techniques, and measurements Chen J M Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 1997 545 A review of forest gap models Bugmann H Climatic Change 2001 383 Optically-based methods for measuring seasonal variation of leaf area index in boreal conifer stands Chen J M Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 1996 372 Rcruitment of a mast-fruiting, bird-dispersed tree-bridging frugivore activity and seedling establishment Herrera C M Ecological Monographs 1994 349 Theory meets reality: how habitat fragmentation research has transcended island biogeographic theory Laurance W F Biological conservation 2008 283 A four-scale bidirectional reflectance model based on canopy architecture Chen J M IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 1997 273 Canopy gap characteristics and tree replacement in the southeastern boreal forest Kneeshaw D D Ecology 1998 266 Rapid decay of tree-community composition in Amazonian forest fragments Laurance W F Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2006 237 Plant canopy gap-size analysis theory for improving optical measurements of leaf-area index Chen J M Applied Optics 1995 230 Quantifying the effect of canopy architecture on optical Chen J M IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 1995 221
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表 3 WoS中高 H指数的作者发文量
Table 3. List of the top of the author’s H-index of articles in WoS
作者
AuthorH指数
h-index发文量
Articles作者
AuthorH指数
h-index发文量
Articles作者
AuthorH指数
h-index发文量
ArticlesBugmann H 18 27 Sykes M T 6 6 Miller C 5 5 Chen J M 12 12 Yamamoto S 6 6 Bergeron Y 5 5 Nakashizuka T 11 11 Keller M 6 7 Rautiainen M 5 9 Busing R T 10 11 Wu F Z 6 12 Tanaka H 5 5 Asner G P 10 11 Tan B 6 13 Nilson T 5 5 Urban D L 9 9 Messier C 6 8 Zhu J J 5 7 Mladenoff D J 8 10 Nishimura N 6 7 Kuusk A 5 5 Gower S T 7 7 Yang W Q 6 13 Dalling J W 5 5 Lechowicz M J 7 7 Burslem D 6 6 Kneeshaw D 5 5 Stenberg P 7 8 Mullins C E 6 6 Herms D A 5 9 Forrester J A 7 8 Yamamoto S I 6 8 Bugmann H 5 5 Shugart H H 7 10 Lundquist J E 5 5 Cescatti A 5 5 Huth A 7 11 Diaci J 5 5 D'Amato A W 5 6 Lindner M 7 7 Masaki T 5 5
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表 4 CSCD高频关键词年度分布情况
Table 4. List of the top key word of articles in CSCD
关键词
Key word年份 Year 总频次
Total frequency2016 2017 2018 2019 合计Total 林窗 Forest gap 1 8 8 9 26 127 林隙 Gap 4 3 1 8 73 物种多样性 Species diversity 1 1 2 1 5 35 更新 Regeneration 1 1 2 30 林冠林窗 Canopy gap 1 4 2 7 22 马尾松人工林 Pinus massoniana plantation 3 1 4 16 天然更新 Natural regeneration 3 2 1 6 15 生物量 Biomass 1 2 1 4 14 森林生态 Forest ecology 3 3 12 光合特征 Photosynthetic characteristics 1 1 2 12 植物多样性 Plant diversity 2 1 1 4 11 边缘效应 Edge effect 3 3 10 高山林 Alpine forest 2 2 10 林窗大小 Forest gap size 1 1 2 10 环境因子 Environmental factors 2 1 1 4 9 凋落物 Litter 2 1 1 4 9 长白山 Changbai Mountain 4 2 6 8 雷达 LiDAR 5 5 6 密度 density 3 3 4
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表 5 WoS高频发文国际机构表
Table 5. List of the highly-published institutions in WoS
机构
Institute文献数量
Papers总被引频次
Total cited frequency篇均被引频次
Average cited frequency
per paperH指数
h-index美国林业局 United States Forest Service 43 1517 35.28 24 中国科学院 Chinese Academy of Sciences 42 341 8.12 13 赫尔辛基大学 University of Helsinki 28 744 26.57 16 威斯康星大学 University of Wisconsin 25 1670 66.80 17 俄勒冈州立大学 Oregon State University 21 658 31.33 14 日本林业和林产品研究院 Japan Forestry and
Forest Products Research Institute20 401 20.05 12 魁北克大学 University of Quebec 19 671 35.32 14 日本名古屋大学 Nagoya University 18 245 13.61 10 瑞士联邦技术研究院 Swiss Federal Institute of Technology 17 603 35.47 14 佛罗里达大学 University of Florida 17 425 25.00 12 加拿大资源局 Resources Canada 16 310 19.38 9 四川农业大学 Sichuan Agricultural University 16 72 4.50 6 不列颠哥伦比亚大学 University of British Columbia 14 677 48.36 12 史密森尼热带研究所 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute 14 1163 83.07 11 法国国家农业研究院 French National
Institute for Agricultural Research13 407 31.31 11 哥廷根大学 University of Gottingen 13 239 18.38 10 乔治亚州大Georgia State University 13 420 32.31 10 维吉尼亚大学 University of Virginia 13 323 24.85 8 俄亥俄州立大学 Ohio State University 13 138 10.62 7 北海道大学 Hokkaido University 13 184 14.15 7
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表 6 WoS高频发文期刊
Table 6. List of the highly-published journals in WoS
期刊
Journal科学分区
Quartile in Category期刊来源地
Country of Journal文献数量
Number of Papers
(proportion)影响因子（2018）
IF 2018Forest Ecology and Management Q1 荷兰 Netherlands 137 (13.35) 3.126 Journal of Vegetation Science Q3 英国 UK 42 (4.09) 2.944 Ecological Modelling Q3 荷兰 Netherlands 38 (3.70) 2.634 Agricultural and Forest Meteorology Q1 荷兰 Netherlands 34（3.31） 4.189 Journal of Ecology Q1 英国 UK 24（2.40） 5.687 Plant Ecology Q4 荷兰 Netherlands 24（2.40） 1.789 Forests Q3 瑞士 Switzerland 22（2.14） 2.116 Remote Sensing of Environment Q1 美国 USA 22（2.14） 8.218 Tree Physiology Q1 加拿大 Canada 22（2.14） 3.477 Ecology Q2 美国 USA 21（2.14） 4.285
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表 7 WoS中高频关键词分布表
Table 7. List of the top frequency key word in WoS
词频
Word frequency关键词
Key word词频
Word frequency关键词
Key word词频
Word frequency关键词
Key word143 canopy gap 19 succession 11 species richness 65 disturbance 18 gap 11 gaps 58 forest gap 17 remote sensing 11 recruitment 51 canopy gaps 16 boreal forest 11 disturbance regime 49 forest dynamics 16 seed dispersal 11 competition 44 regeneration 14 shade tolerance 11 light 30 climate change 14 canopy openness 10 canopy structure 28 cap dynamics 14 tropical forest 10 natural disturbance 27 cap fraction 14 forest management 10 gap models 24 Leaf Area Index 13 herbivory 10 tree mortality 23 forest gap model 13 Acer saccharum 10 forest regeneration 23 LiDAR 13 Fagus sylvatica 10 canopy 22 gap size 13 photosynthesis 9 forest ecology 21 tropical rain forest 12 old-growth forest 9 age structure 21 spatial pattern 12 mortality 9 ForClim 20 fire 12 coarse woody debris 9 species diversity 20 forest succession 12 chlorophyll fluorescence 9 biomass allocation 20 natural regeneration 12 light availability 9 species composition 19 forest structure 12 gap model 9 light acclimation
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