新疆伊犁河谷地区生物多样性及保护

李梦琳; 佟瑶; 黄继红; 王立平; 阿里木·买买提; 王文栋; 郭仲军; 白志强; 姚杰; 许玥; 丁易; 臧润国

doi:10.12356/j.2096-8884.2022-0032

新疆伊犁河谷地区生物多样性及保护

doi: 10.12356/j.2096-8884.2022-0032

李梦琳^1,,
佟瑶¹,
黄继红^{1, 2, ,},
王立平³,
阿里木·买买提⁴,
王文栋⁴,
郭仲军⁴,
白志强⁴,
姚杰^{1, 2},
许玥^{1, 2},
丁易^{1, 2},
臧润国^{1, 2}

1.
中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与自然保护研究所，生物多样性保护国家林业和草原局重点实验室，北京 100091
2.
南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心，南京 210037
3.
新疆维吾尔自治区林业规划院，乌鲁木齐 830049
4.
新疆林业科学院森林生态研究所，乌鲁木齐 830063

基金项目: 科技基础资源调查专项子课题（2019FY101604-2）

详细信息

作者简介:
李梦琳：E-mail: menglinerli@163.com

通讯作者:
E-mail: northalluvion@caf.ac.cn

中图分类号: X176
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- 文章访问数: 573
- HTML全文浏览量: 165
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-05-25
- 录用日期: 2022-07-07
- 网络出版日期: 2023-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2023-02-28

Biodiversity and Conservation in Ili River Valley, Xinjiang

Menglin Li^1
,,
Yao Tong¹,
Jihong Huang^{1, 2
, ,},
Liping Wang³,
Maimaiti Alimu⁴,
Wendong Wang⁴,
Zhongjun Guo⁴,
Zhiqiang Bai⁴,
Jie Yao^{1, 2},
Yue Xu^{1, 2},
Yi Ding^{1, 2},
Runguo Zang^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Ecology and Nature Conservation Institute, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
2.
Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
3.
The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Forestry Planning Institute, Urumqi 830049, China
4.
Institute of Forest Ecology, Xinjiang Academy of Forestry Sciences, Urumqi 830063, China

摘要

摘要: 目的明确新疆伊犁河谷地区的生物多样性组成、空间分布和保护现状，为该地区的生物多样性保护和管理提供参考依据。方法基于文献资料的收集和查阅，以伊犁河谷分布的主要野生生物类群（包括维管植物、苔藓、地衣、大型真菌、昆虫、脊椎动物）为研究对象，整理了该地区生物物种名录及其县级地理空间分布数据，并基于此统计了该地区主要生物类群的数量组成特征及保护物种数量特征，分析了该地区物种多样性及县域保护优先等级的空间分布格局。结果 1）该地区分布的主要野生生物共计3945种，隶属于445科1627属。其中，维管植物数量最多，占统计物种总数的52.7%；2）6类生物科级组成中均以寡型科数量占比最多，单型科次之，大、中型科最少。各类群中，大、中型科包含的属和种的数量占比较高；3）不同类群的物种多样性存在明显的空间差异。县域水平物种多样性不一致，伊宁县物种组成最丰富，包含了该地区74.8%的物种；4）该地区保护物种共计294种，占统计物种总数的7.5%。类群保护空缺较大，尤其是地衣、大型真菌、苔藓和昆虫。空间保护空缺以尼勒克县和昭苏县最为突出。结论伊犁河谷是新疆生物多样性分布的核心地区，关于开展该地区生物多样性保护工作，建议：1）将该地区列为新疆维吾尔自治区生物多样性保护重点关注地区；2）在生物类群保护层面，优先加强对地衣、大型真菌、苔藓和昆虫的关注力度；3）在县域空间层面，优先关注尼勒克县和昭苏县。
- 生物类群 /
- 物种组成 /
- 分布格局 /
- 生物多样性保护 /
- 伊犁河谷
Abstract: Objective To clarify the biodiversity composition, spatial distribution and conservation status of the Ili River Valley region of Xinjiang, and to provide a reference basis for biodiversity conservation and management in this region. Method Based on the literature and references, we selected the major wildlife groups (vascular plants, mosses, lichens, macrofungi, insects, and vertebrates) distributed in the Ili River Valley. The list of biological species in the region and their county-level geospatial distribution data were compiled. Based on the data, the quantitative composition characteristics of major biological groups and protected species were counted. The spatial distribution patterns of species diversity and county-level conservation priorities in the region were analyzed. Result 1) A total of 3945 species of wildlife were distributed in the region, belonging to 1627 genera in 445 families. Among them, vascular plants are the most numerous, accounting for 52.7% of the total number of species counted. 2) The number of oligotypic families accounts for the largest proportion of the composition of all six biological family levels. The numberof genera and species was relatively high in plurimotypic and mesotypic families. 3) There were obvious spatial differences in species diversity of different taxa. Species diversity was not uniform at the county level, with Yining County having the richest species composition, containing 74.8% of the species in the region. 4) A total of 294 species were protected in the region, accounting for 7.5% of the total number of species counted. There was a large gap in the conservation of biological groups, especially lichens, macrofungi, mosses, and insects, and in the conservation of space, especially Nilka and Zhaosu County. Conclusion Regarding the development of biodiversity conservation in the region, it is recommended that 1) the region be listed as a key area of concern for biodiversity conservation in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region; 2) at the level of biological groups conservation, priority be given to strengthening the focus on lichens, macrofungi, mosses and insects; and 3) at the spatial level of county, priority be given to Nilka and Zhaosu County.
- biological groups /
- species composition /
- distribution pattern /
- biodiversity conservation /
- Ili River Valley

HTML全文

图 1 研究区示意图

Figure 1. Map of the study area

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图 2 新疆伊犁河谷地区各生物类群优势科、属对比

注：a.不同生物类群优势科（属）所包含的物种总数；b.不同生物类群优势科（属）所包含的物种总数占该类群物种总数的比例。a. Total number of species included in the dominant families (genera) of different biological groups; b. The proportion of the total number of species included in the dominant families (genera) of different groups to the total number of species in that group.

Figure 2. Comparison of dominant families and genera of various biological groups in Ili River Valley, Xinjiang

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图 3 新疆伊犁河谷地区各生物类群科大小对比

Figure 3. Comparison of family size of various biological groups in Ili River Valley, Xinjiang

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图 4 新疆伊犁河谷地区各生物类群物种丰富度空间分布等级

注：物种丰富度空间分布等级共分为5级，Ⅰ-Ⅴ级代表物种丰富度依次增加，Ⅴ级为物种丰富度最高等级。The spatial distribution of species richness is divided into five levels, Ⅰ-Ⅴ indicates the increasing species richness, and Ⅴ indicates the highest species richness.

Figure 4. Spatial distribution level of species richness of various biological groups in Ili River Valley, Xinjiang

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图 5 新疆伊犁河谷地区生物多样性空间保护优先等级

注：生物多样性空间保护优先等级共分为5级，Ⅰ-Ⅴ级代表保护优先次序，Ⅴ级为最优先保护等级。The priority level of biodiversity spatial conservation is divided into five levels, Ⅰ-Ⅴ indicates the conservation priority, and Ⅴ indicates the highest conservation priority.

Figure 5. The priority level of biodiversity spatial conservation in Ili River Valley, Xinjiang

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表 1 新疆伊犁河谷地区各生物类群科、属、种数量

Table 1. Number of families, genera and species of various biological groups in Ili River Valley, Xinjiang

生物类群 Biological group	科 Family	属 Genus	种 Species
维管植物 Vascular plants	103	557	2078
苔藓 Mosses	49	110	239
地衣 Lichens	22	47	117
大型真菌 Macrofungi	39	103	201
昆虫 Insects	136	558	887
脊椎动物 Vertebrates	96	252	423
合计 Total	445	1627	3945

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表 2 新疆伊犁河谷地区各县各生物类群物种数量

Table 2. Species quantity of various biological groups in each county of Ili River Valley, Xinjiang

县名 County	维管植物 Vascular plants	苔藓 Mosses	地衣 Lichens	大型真菌 Macrofungi	昆虫 Insects	脊椎动物 Vertebrates	合计 Total
伊宁县 Yining County	1979	98	44	45	429	356	2951
霍城县 Huocheng County	1989	77	34	31	322	284	2737
察布查尔县 Chapchal County	1981	55	73	24	322	256	2711
昭苏县 Zhaosu County	1897	77	67	94	312	254	2701
新源县 Xinyuan County	1911	64	19	36	362	302	2694
巩留县 Gongliu County	1917	61	12	94	312	269	2665
特克斯县 Tekes County	1907	37	35	49	312	262	2602
尼勒克县 Nilka County	1894	74	14	35	310	237	2564

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表 3 新疆伊犁河谷地区各生物类群保护物种数量

Table 3. Number of protected species of various biological groups in Ili River Valley, Xinjiang

生物类群 Biological group	新疆重点保护物种 Key protected species in Xinjiang		国家重点保护物种 National key protected species		中国红色名录物种 Chinese red list species				CITES物种 CITES species			保护物种总数 Total number of protected species
生物类群 Biological group	Ⅰ级 Grade Ⅰ	Ⅱ级 Grade Ⅱ	Ⅰ级 Grade Ⅰ	Ⅱ级 Grade Ⅱ	极危 CR	濒危 EN	易危 VU	近危 NT	附录Ⅰ Appendix Ⅰ	附录Ⅱ Appendix Ⅱ	附录Ⅲ Appendix Ⅲ	保护物种总数 Total number of protected species
维管植物 Vascular plants	23	17	0	30	1	9	19	49	0	33	0	153
苔藓 Mosses	—	—	0	0	0	0	1	1	—	—	—	2
地衣 Lichens	—	—	—	—	0	0	0	0	—	—	—	0
大型真菌 Macrofungi	—	—	0	0	0	0	0	0	—	—	—	0
昆虫 Insects	—	—	0	1	—	—	—	—	0	1	0	1
脊椎动物 Vertebrates	18	14	20	65	3	19	20	59	8	53	2	138
合计 Total	41	31	20	96	4	28	40	109	8	87	2	294
注： “—”表示无相关数据信息。‘—’ indicates that no data is available.

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表 4 新疆伊犁河谷地区各县各生物类群未被列为保护物种的百分比

Table 4. Percentage of various biological groups not listed as protected species in each county of Ili River Valley, Xinjiang

单位Unit：%
县名 County	维管植物 Vascular plants	苔藓 Mosses	地衣 Lichens	大型真菌 Macrofungi	昆虫 Insects	脊椎动物 Vertebrates	合计 Total
尼勒克县 Nilka County	93.8	98.7	100.0	100.0	99.7	71.7	92.8
昭苏县 Zhaosu County	93.9	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	68.5	92.7
特克斯县 Tekes County	93.9	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	69.9	92.5
察布查尔县 Chapchal County	93.1	100.0	100.0	100.0	100.0	73.4	92.4
巩留县 Gongliu County	93.6	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.7	68.8	92.2
霍城县 Huocheng County	93.1	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.7	72.2	92.0
新源县 Xinyuan County	93.4	97.3	100.0	100.0	100.0	68.9	91.8
伊宁县 Yining County	93.1	100.0	100.0	100.0	99.8	68.8	91.6

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