Effects of Extreme Climate on the Structure and Function of Forest Ecosystem in Central and Southeast China
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摘要: 受气候变化影响，华中、东南地区极端气候事件出现频率及强度均显著增加，对区域森林生态系统结构、功能和稳定性产生了严重影响。全面和准确地评估极端气候对森林生态系统的影响，可为区域森林生态保护与经济协调发展提供数据基础与决策依据。以热浪、极端干旱、台风/极端降雨、冰冻雨雪为例，系统总结了极端气候对华中、东南地区森林生态系统结构与功能的影响。极端气候事件的发生一方面通过增加植物的死亡率，抑制树木光合作用，进而影响植被净初级生产力与生态系统碳吸收；另一方面通过增加凋落物数量和林隙面积，影响森林生态系统的生物多样性和稳定性，深刻改变森林生物地球化学循环过程。此外，森林生态系统受干扰程度受极端气候事件频率及强度的影响，且在不同研究手段和方法的结果之间存在显著差异，这为准确评估与预测极端气候对森林生态系统的影响带来极大的不确定性。Abstract: In recent years, the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events in central and southeastern China have increased significantly and influenced by climate change, which had a serious impact on the structure, function and stability of regional forest ecosystems. A comprehensive and accurate assessment of the impacts of climate extremes on forest ecosystems can provide a data base and decision basis for the coordinated development of regional forest ecological conservation and economy. This paper systematically summarizes the impacts of climate extremes on the structure and function of forest ecosystems in central and southeastern China, using heat waves/extreme droughts, typhoons/extreme precipitation, and rain/snow-freezing as examples. On the one hand, the occurrence of extreme climate events inhibits tree photosynthesis by increasing plant mortality, which in turn affects vegetation net primary productivity and ecosystem carbon uptake; on the other hand, it affects forest ecosystem biodiversity and stability by increasing the amount of litter and forest gap area, and profoundly alters forest biogeochemical cycling processes. In addition, the extent of disturbance to forest ecosystems is influenced by the frequency and intensity of extreme climate events and varies significantly across methodology and instrumentation, which brings great uncertainty for accurately assessing and predicting the impact of climate extremes on forest ecosystems.
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Key words:
- extreme climate events /
- forest ecosystems /
- structure /
- function
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图 1 极端气候事件影响森林生态系统过程
Figure 1. Process diagram of extreme climate events affecting forest ecosystem
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