Status and Perspectives of Plant Diversity Conservation in China
-
摘要: 中国植物多样性资源丰富,保护植物多样性是中国生态文明建设的重要内容。通过20多年的努力,中国植物多样性的保护在理论、技术、保障机制和社会影响力等方面都已取得一定的成效,尤其在保护物种名录评估、就地保护、迁地保护、离体保护、公民科学和国际履约等方面成效显著。然而,中国植物多样性保护依然面临着保护理论和技术系统性缺乏、资源监测和保护成效评估体系缺失、相关法律法规和保障机制不完善、保护行动影响力薄弱等诸多挑战,解决这些问题已成为当前中国植物多样性保护迫在眉睫的关键任务。因此,推动保护理论和技术的系统性、建立资源监测体系、完善法律法规、健全公民参与的保障机制、提升保护行动的执行力等是中国植物多样性保护的重要方面。文中系统综述了中国植物多样性保护取得的成效以及面临的挑战,进而有针对性地指出中国植物多样性保护与研究的重点发展方向。Abstract: China is one of the countries with the richest plant diversity in the world. Plant diversity plays an important role in the ecological civilization construction in China. In recent two decades, China has made high achievement in plant diversity conservation at multiple disciplines, including theory composition, technology development, guarantee mechanism and social influences, especially in the aspects of protected species list evaluation, in-situ conservation, ex-situ conservation, in-vitro conservation, public knowledge and international compliance. However, it is still faced with many challenges, including the lack of systematic conservation theory and technology, the defection of resource monitoring and conservation effectiveness evaluation system, the imperfection of relevant laws and regulations guarantee, and the weak influence of conservation action. Therefore, it is crucial to plant diversity conservation in China that promoting the systematic conservation theory and technology, establishing resource monitoring system, strengthening laws and regulations, improving the guarantee mechanism of public participation, and enhancing the conservation execution. In this study, we systematically reviewed the current situation, and comprehensively summarized the achievements and challenges, and then pointed out the development directions of plant diversity conservation in China in the future.
-
Key words:
- plant diversity /
- conservation effects /
- ecosystem /
- in-situ conservation /
- ex-situ conservation /
- conservation action
-
[1] 陈灵芝, 王献溥, 汪松, 1993. 中国的生物多样性现状及其保护对策[M]. 北京: 科学出版社. [2] 邓莎, 吴艳妮, 吴坤林, 等, 2020. 14种中国典型极小种群野生植物繁育特性和人工繁殖研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 28(3): 385-400. doi: 10.17520/biods.2020045 [3] 杜芳芝, 2017. 野生动物保护中的公众参与研究[J]. 林业勘查设计, (3): 70-71. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4505.2017.03.026 [4] 方精云, 王志恒, 唐志尧, 2009. 中国木本植物分布图集[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社. [5] 冯晓娟, 米湘成, 肖治术, 等, 2019. 中国生物多样性监测与研究网络建设及进展[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 34(12): 1389-1398. [6] 高吉喜, 薛达元, 马克平, 2018. 中国生物多样性国情研究[M]. 北京: 中国环境出版社. [7] 郭庆华, 刘瑾, 李玉美, 等, 2016. 生物多样性近地面遥感监测: 应用现状与前景展望[J]. 生物多样性, 24(11): 1249-1266. doi: 10.17520/biods.2016059 [8] 国家林业和草原局, 2019. 中国森林资源报告(2014-2018)[M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社. [9] 环境保护部, 2011. 中国生物多样性保护战略与行动计划(2011—2030)[M]. 北京: 中国环境科学出版社. [10] 环境保护部, (2016-10-28)[2020-12-19]. 全国生态保护“十三五”规划纲要[EB/OL]. https://www.mee.gov.cn/gkml/hbb/bwj/201611/t20161102_366739.htm. [11] 黄浩, 安丽娜, 李伟文, 等, 2020. 我国近岸海洋生物多样性空间分区方法与应用探讨[J]. 应用海洋学学报, 39(2): 279-288. doi: 10.3969/J.ISSN.2095-4972.2020.02.017 [12] 黄宏文, 张征, 2012. 中国植物引种栽培及迁地保护的现状与展望[J]. 生物多样性, 20(5): 559-571. [13] 黄继红, 马克平, 陈彬, 2014. 中国特有种子植物的多样性及其地理分布[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社. [14] 黄睿智, 李明国, 魏景松, 等, 2020. 极小种群濒危植物盐桦迁地保护研究[J]. 植物科学学报, 38(6): 786-794. doi: 10.11913/PSJ.2095-0837.2020.60786 [15] 蒋志刚, 罗振华, 2012. 物种受威胁状况评估: 研究进展与中国的案例[J]. 生物多样性, 20(5): 612-622. [16] 李佳琦, 徐海根, 万雅琼, 等, 2018. 全国哺乳动物多样性观测网络(China BON-Mammals)建设进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 34(1): 12-19. doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.01.002 [17] 刘方正, 杜金鸿, 周越, 等, 2018. 无人机和地面相结合的自然保护地生物多样性监测技术与实践[J]. 生物多样性, 26(8): 905-917. doi: 10.17520/biods.2018049 [18] 刘希斌, 2005. 濒危动物遗传资源的保存[J]. 中国农业科技导报, 7(5): 34-38. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0864.2005.05.007 [19] 马克平, 2016. 生物多样性科学的热点问题[J]. 生物多样性, 24(1): 1-2. doi: 10.17520/biods.2016029 [20] 马克平, 朱敏, 纪力强, 等, 2018. 中国生物多样性大数据平台建设[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 33(8): 838-845. [21] 米湘成, 郭静, 郝占庆, 等, 2016. 中国森林生物多样性监测: 科学基础与执行计划[J]. 生物多样性, 24(11): 1203-1219. doi: 10.17520/biods.2015313 [22] 孙佑海, 2019. 生物多样性保护主流化法治保障研究[J]. 中国政法大学学报, 5: 38-49. [23] 覃海宁, 杨永, 董仕勇, 等, 2017. 中国高等植物受威胁物种名录[J]. 生物多样性, 25(7): 696-744. doi: 10.17520/biods.2017144 [24] 覃海宁, 赵莉娜, 2017. 中国高等植物濒危状况评估[J]. 生物多样性, 25(7): 689-695. doi: 10.17520/biods.2017146 [25] 王荷生, 1992. 植物区系地理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社. [26] 吴征镒, 孙航, 周浙昆, 等, 2011. 中国种子植物区系地理[M]. 北京: 科学出版社. [27] 徐海根, 崔鹏, 朱筱佳, 等, 2018. 全国鸟类多样性观测网络(China BON-Birds)建设进展[J]. 生态与农村环境学报, 34(1): 1-11. doi: 10.11934/j.issn.1673-4831.2018.01.001 [28] 薛达元, 2015. 建立生物多样性保护相关国际公约的国家履约协同战略[J]. 生物多样性, 23(5): 673-680. doi: 10.17520/biods.2015136 [29] 薛达元, 张渊媛, 2019. 中国生物多样性保护成效与展望[J]. 环境保护, 47(17): 37-42. [30] 严岳鸿, 张宪春, 马克平, 2013. 中国蕨类植物多样性与地理分布[M]. 北京: 科学出版社. [31] 杨锐, 彭钦一, 曹越, 等, 2019. 中国生物多样性保护的变革性转变及路径[J]. 生物多样性, 27(9): 1032-1040. doi: 10.17520/biods.2019217 [32] 于文轩, 2013. 生物多样性政策与立法研究[M]. 北京: 知识产权出版社. [33] 臧润国, 2020. 中国极小种群野生植物保护研究进展[J]. 生物多样性, 28(3): 263-268. doi: 10.17520/biods.2020119 [34] 张则瑾, 郭焱培, 贺金生, 等, 2018. 中国极小种群野生植物的保护现状评估[J]. 生物多样性, 26(6): 572-577. doi: 10.17520/biods.2017271 [35] 中国野生植物保护协会, (2019-11-10)[2020-12-19]. 中国植物保护战略(2021-2030)[EB/OL]. https://www.wpca.org.cn/newsinfo/1871334.html. [36] 庄平, 郑元润, 邵慧敏, 等, 2012. 杜鹃属植物迁地保育适应性评价[J]. 生物多样性, 20(6): 665-675. [37] Primack R B, 马克平, 蒋志刚, 2014. 保护生物学[M]. 北京: 科学出版社. [38] Brooks T M, Mittermeier R A, da Fonseca G A B, et al, 2006. Global biodiversity conservation priorities[J]. Science, 313(5783): 58-61. doi: 10.1126/science.1127609 [39] Chen G, Wang X, Ma K, 2020. Red list of China's forest ecosystems: a conservation assessment and protected area gap analysis[J]. Biological Conservation, 248: 108636. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108636 [40] Cyranoski D, 2008. Visions of China[J]. Nature, 454(7203): 384-387. doi: 10.1038/454384a [41] Ding Y, Zang R, 2021. Effects of thinning on the demography and functional community structure of a secondary tropical lowland rain forest[J]. Journal of Environmental Management, 279: 111805. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.111805 [42] Ding W, Ree R H, Spicer R A, et al, 2020. Ancient orogenic and monsoon-driven assembly of the world’s richest temperate alpine flora[J]. Science, 369(6503): 578-581. doi: 10.1126/science.abb4484 [43] Fu B, Li S, Yu X, et al, 2010. Chinese ecosystem research network: Progress and perspectives[J]. Ecological Complexity, 7(2): 225-233. doi: 10.1016/j.ecocom.2010.02.007 [44] Hardwick K A, Fiedler P, Lee L C, et al, 2011. The role of botanic gardens in the science and practice of ecological restoration[J]. Conservation Biology, 25(2): 265-75. [45] Hong D, Blackmore S C F, 2013. Plants of China[M]. Beijing: Science Press. [46] Huang J, Huang J, Liu C, et al, 2016a. Diversity hotspots and conservation gaps for the Chinese endemic seed flora[J]. Biological Conservation, 198: 104-112. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2016.04.007 [47] Huang J, Huang J, Lu X, et al, 2016b. Diversity distribution patterns of Chinese endemic seed plant species and their implications for conservation planning[J]. Scientific Reports, 6: 33913. doi: 10.1038/srep33913 [48] IUCN, 2012a. IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria: Version 3.1[M]. 2nd ed. Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK: IUCN. [49] IUCN, 2012b. Guidelines for Application of IUCN Red List Criteria at Regional and National Levels: Version 4.0[M]. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. [50] Lu L, Mao L, Yang T, et al, 2018. Evolutionary history of the angiosperm flora of China[J]. Nature, 554(7691): 234-238. doi: 10.1038/nature25485 [51] Ouyang Z, Zheng H, Xiao Y, et al, 2016. Improvements in ecosystem services from investments in natural capital[J]. Science, 352(6292): 1455-1459. doi: 10.1126/science.aaf2295 [52] Ren H, Qin H, Ouyang Z, et al, 2019. Progress of implementation on the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation in (2011–2020) China[J]. Biological Conservation, 230: 169-178. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.12.030 [53] Tang Z, Wang Z, Zheng C, et al, 2006. Biodiversity in China's mountains[J]. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 4(7): 347-352. doi: 10.1890/1540-9295(2006)004[0347:BICM]2.0.CO;2 [54] Turner W, 2014. Sensing biodiversity[J]. Science, 346(6207): 301-302. doi: 10.1126/science.1256014 [55] Viña A, McConnell W J, Yang H, et al, 2016. Effects of conservation policy on China’s forest recovery[J]. Science Advances, 2(3): e1500965. doi: 10.1126/sciadv.1500965 [56] Wang W, Feng C, Liu F, et al, 2020. Biodiversity conservation in China: a review of recent studies and practices[J]. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 2: 100025. doi: 10.1016/j.ese.2020.100025 [57] Wu Z, Raven P H, Hong D, 2012. Flora of China[M]. Beijing: Science Press. [58] Xu Y, Huang J, Lu X, et al, 2019. Priorities and conservation gaps across three biodiversity dimensions of rare and endangered plant species in China[J]. Biological Conservation, 229: 30-37. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2018.11.010 [59] Zhang Y, Ma K, 2008. Geographic distribution patterns and status assessment of threatened plants in China[J]. Biodiversity and Conservation, 17(7): 1783-1798. doi: 10.1007/s10531-008-9384-6 [60] Zhang Z, He J, Li J, et al, 2015. Distribution and conservation of threatened plants in China[J]. Biological Conservation, 192: 454-460. doi: 10.1016/j.biocon.2015.10.019 [61] Zhao L, Li J, Liu H, et al, 2016. Distribution, congruence, and hotspots of higher plants in China[J]. Scientific Reports, 6: 19080. doi: 10.1038/srep19080
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 2497
- HTML全文浏览量: 826
- PDF下载量: 615
- 被引次数: 0